Mobile cloud computing mcc is the combination of cloud computing and mobile computing to bring rich computational resources to mobile users, network operators, as well as cloud computing providers. Among many alternatives, mobile data offloading is a most promising one. Softwaredefined networkingbased resource management. This limitation can well be remedied by architectural design. In order to provide services with low latency for end. A survey of computation offloading for mobile systems. Since offloading to the cloud may not always be possible or reasonable, orsini et al. Architectural tactics are design decisions that influence the achievement of a quality attribute response bass et al. Pdf framework for computation offloading in mobile cloud. For more discussion on mobile data offload or wifi access networks, please. Mobile architecture allows maintaining this connection whilst during transit.
Mobile data offloading schemes through heterogeneous networks hetnets. Apr 10, 2012 mobile systems have limited resources, such as battery life, network bandwidth, storage capacity, and processor performance. With relatively limited deployment of lte in many markets, wifi offers significant benefits for smartphone users, in terms of speed, usage allowances and costs. We provide taxonomy with six different architectural patterns. Most of the research works tackling data offloading have the goal to store data in remote large repositories.
The speedify sdk is a complete solution to channel bonding and wifi offloading issues on mobile devices. A survey of mobile phone sensing old dominion university. Leveraging the idea of software defined networking, we propose a software defined cooperative offloading model sdcom, where the sdcom controller is deployed at the pdn gateway and schedules tasks in a centralized manner to save the energy of mobile devices and reduce the traffic on access links. The main contributions include a networkassisted offloading framework, a collaborative system design for energyaware offloading, and a software defined networking sdn based offloading platform.
However, this usually depends on many parameters such as the network bandwidths and the amounts of data exchanged through the networks. As we have regularly discussed in this blog, wifi offloading is an important mechanism to curtail the traffic demands on mobile networks. An intuitive approach is to leverage the unused bandwidth across different wireless technologies. Sdnbased mobile data offloading scheme using a femtocell. Figure 1 provides a projection of mobile data growth from y20142019. Softwarization of mobile network functions towards agile and.
Offloading mainly reduces the amount of data that is being carried on the cellular bands, and it also frees the bandwidth so it can be used by other users. Contextaware computation offloading for mobile cloud. However, they could not host complex software applications, mainly due to their limited resources. Equivalent to over 115,000 petabytes of data, or over 6 billion bluray movies hampshire, uk 16 th june 2015. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation offloading. Tutela is the worlds largest mobile data crowdsourcing company. Offloading may save energy and improve performance on mobile systems.
It is also used in situations where local cell reception may be poor, allowing the user to connect via wired services with better connectivity. The following related classes of software, application and services have. Energy efficiency in mobile cloud computing architectures. This feature may not be trivial in a mobile network because of the need for client software for functions. According to a report by senza fili consulting, wifi enables operators to slash cost perbit tco by at least half.
The mobile operator must help ensure that large numbers of. Software defined cooperative offloading for mobile. Each day the number of mobile devices is increasing, mobile architecture is the pieces of technology needed to create a rich, connected user experience. Mobile devices provide computing power for running software applications as well as cell phone functionality. Mar 27, 20 this work presents an automatic approach to generate decisiontaking models for the offloading of mobile applications on the basis of user requirements, conditions of the network, the hardware software features of the mobile device and the characteristics of the application. For example, as shown by 2 in figure 2, the network operator can instantiate a software instance of an spgw on the cloud platform and associate it with the game server engine. In our experience, it is possible to offload up to 30% of the cellular data traffic to wifi. In this paper, we use a contextdriven approach to analyse and design of. Request pdf v2v data offloading for cellular network based on the software defined network sdn inside mobile edge computing mec architecture. Sdnbased mobile data offloading scheme using a femtocell and. Currently, cellular networks are overloaded with mobile data traffic due to the rapid growth of mobile broadband subscriptions and the increasing popularity of diversified applications for smartphones with multiple wireless interfaces and the flatrate pricing model of cellular networks. Software defined networks depending upon data demands and data type to be offload through other networks 25, 26. The system must store messages if a mobile device is out of the cellular data network.
The aspects discussed above, though not exhaustive but cover the crucial points that need to be considered for effective mobile data offloading through wi. The mobile application must still allow data entry when out of. Computation offloading can be statically defined or decided at runtime. To describe a general architecture to enable mobile data offloading with tight or. Mobile data offloading consumers to connect their smartphones, tablets and laptops to the internet and is leaving some mobile operators behind. Mobile data offloading george iosifidis, lin gao, jianwei huang, leandros tassiulas 20. Mobile data offloading system for video streaming services over. Although the proposed architecture brings the benefits of sdn into mobile network, the selection of optimum node for computation offloading is still an outstanding issue. Software defined cooperative offloading for mobile cloudlets. Its software is installed on over 200 million devices and collects over 1 billion data points per day.
By offloading users from the 3g4g network to wifi networks, mobile operators can add more capacity in an affordable and flexible way. A femtocell is a solution to increase the cellular network capacity and coverage. Enterprise certification program in the wifi alliance. In the proposed system, sdn architecture is applied to the wireless network. Metis research advances towards the 5g mobile and wireless. Collaborative traffic offloading for mobile systems. Figure 1 shows the software architecture of the framework.
The first four modules contain sets of data for each of the four categories considered user, device, network and application, which will be used by the sampler module in order to generate the training and validation datasets, simply by randomly combing the data. Adaptive offloading is a software adaptation mechanism in which an application dynamically distributes portions of itself to remote devices to achieve context specific optimizations. The backward compatibility with the mobile network is also guaranteed in the proposed architecture for smooth operation. For mobile clients, sufficient resources with the assurance of efficient performance and energy efficiency are the core concerns.
Data offloading techniques in cellular networks archive ouverte. Because of the many applications running on smartphones, the load of mobile data traffic on cellular networks is increasing rapidly. Although, offloading mobile applications is not a new concept and has been previously used for application distribution and load balancing 2329, but it has not been used for offloading the execution tasks of mobile web services to run remotely on other mobile devices. We present our work on moca, a lightweight mobile cloud o oading architecture, which uses an innetwork cloud platform to provide o oading resources. Design by hiten patel for better understanding of data offloading. Essential for highspeed fifthgeneration mobile networks, mobile cloud computing mcc integrates the power of cloud data centers with the portability of mobile computing devices. The industry has seen a decline in average revenue per user arpu for voice services, and smart operators are now looking to mobile data services traffic as a mechanism to strengthen their arpu. Global mobile data is projected to increase nearly 10x between 2014 and 2019, and nearly threequarters of the worlds mobile data traffic will be video by 2019. A network architecture for seamless flow mobility between. Mar 10, 2015 the mobile and wireless communications enablers for the twentytwenty information society metis project is laying the foundations of fifth generation 5g mobile and wireless communication system putting together the point of view of vendors, operators, vertical players, and academia. Harness the power of crowdsourced mobile data and gpupowered. Live vm migration it is challenging to migrate an application, which is resourceintensive to cloud and to execute it via virtual machine. Mobile data offloading is the use of complementary network technologies for delivering data originally targeted for cellular networks.
In fact, if the externalization occurs between the mobile device and the cloud, the application or the data offloading may be costly comparatively to a local mobile computation. Currently there is a lack of uniform interoperability plans and implementation. V2v data offloading for cellular network based on the software defined network sdn inside mobile edge computing mec architecture. The mobile device serves as a thin client providing only the. Overview of offloading in smart mobile devices for. Sdn and virtualizationbased lte mobile network architectures. An effective computation offloading from mobile devices to. The vm would encapsulate and separate the guest software from the cloudlets host software. The following table provides a comparison of data rates and application level throughputs for wifi and mobile networks. Wifi offload mobile data offloading from 3g4g to wifi. Wifi networks are a flexible solution to the challenge faced by mobile operators evergrowing capacity demands alvarions wifi network solution helps mobile network operators mno, wireless isps, and providers of large wifi deployments fill this gap quickly and implement longterm strategies for successful upkeep.
Unprecedented growth in data traffic on mobile networks 15. Architecture for mobile data offload over wifi access networks. Even though advancements in cellular technology have resulted in increased performance and capacity of mobile networks, this alone will not be sufficient to meet the mobile data demand. This paper presents the extensive need, benefits, and technological solutions for. Index termsmobile data offloading, hybrid networks, wifi, delaytolerant.
The inherently limited processing power and battery lifetime of mobile phones hinder the possible execution of computationally intensive applications like contentbased video analysis or 3d modeling. Assessing the suitability of architectural patterns for use. Offloading of computationally intensive application parts from the mobile platform into a remote cloud infrastructure or nearby idle computers addresses this problem. However, this depends on the mcc architecture that is considered. In the iwlan architecture, a mobile device opens a vpnipsec tunnel from the device to the dedicated iwlan server in the operators core. Dynamic adaptive techniques for learning application delay tolerance for mobile data offloading the 34th annual ieee international conference on computer communications infocom15, april 2015. This architecture addresses these highlevel requirements the system must guarantee message delivery. Global mobile data traffic consumption and usage continues to increase rapidly leading to congested networks. Mip mobile internet protocol and pmip proxy mobile internet protocol to address the mobility issues in wifi. Highrate indoor coverage in macrocell small highrate indoor coverage in macrocell. Wifi to carry up to 60% of mobile data traffic by 2019. A 3w network strategy for mobile data traffic offloading. Sivalingam, fellow, ieee abstractthis paper deals with cellular e.
Architectural patterns for servicebased mobile applications. In section 3, we describe the proposed system architecture and operation details. So, network operators have started looking for the alternative ways of satisfying this data needs. Architectures, algorithms and applications covers the latest technological and architectural.
Agile developers can use the results of this evaluation to assess the suitability of each pattern for application in their agile development projects. Softwaredefined networking mobile offloading architecture. However, because it uses the same frequency bands as a macrocell, interference problems have prevented its widespread adoption. The main network technologies used for mobile data offloading are. Multilayer architecture model for mobile cloud computing paradigm. Architectures, algorithms and applications covers the latest technological and architectural advances in mcc. Selfadaptation of software has been used as a mechanism to address complexity and constraint in mobile and pervasive computing environments. Mobile data consumpt ion continues to grow rapidly. Abstractenergy and time effectiveness is a primary consideration for smartphones or. New research has forecast that wifi networks will carry almost 60% of smartphone and tablet data traffic by 2019, reaching over 115,000pb petabytes by 2019, compared to under 30,000pb this year representing almost a four. It is used as a complementary wireless technology to transfer data originally targeted to flow through the cellular network 3. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a.
The tactics presented in this section were extracted from the literature based on 1 common components found in the studies, 2 quality attributes explicitly stated in the. Softwaredefined networking mobile offloading architecture proc. We stress, however, that the energy transfer efficiency of current wpt techniques is still very low, and that new methods are required to increase it and make wpt appealing in practice. The main contributions include a networkassisted offloading framework, a collaborative system design for energyaware offloading, and a softwaredefined networking sdn based offloading platform. Adaptive application offloading using distributed abstract. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade. Whether you call it wifi offloading, mobile data offloading, 3g data offloading or just offloading, it is all about relieving the congested mobile data networks with additional capacity from unlicensed wifi spectrum. Efficient resourceful mobile cloud architecture mrarsa for. On practical aspects of mobile data offloading to wifi. In, the authors introduced a new architecture for offloading data traffic from a mobile cellular network to a wifi network by converting network resource management nrm and rrm functions to software modules running on an sdn controller. Computation offloading has been an active area of research in the mobile computing domain, with most of the proposals offloading workloads to the cloud 7,10,11.
Though, software defined network could be one of the approaches used as intelligent network configuration for data offloading and as it is also configured by the central controller according to architectural need. White paper mobile data offloading through wifi 4 unmatched data rates and user experience when it comes to network speed, wifi is the only wireless technology that can deliver data rates as high as 600mbps. The offloading of computations needs to identify a specific implementation and target device andor request a service, to communicate inputoutput data between the host computing system and the target computing device, and the synchronization between both. During the last years, the use of mobile devices has changed dramatically. Eurasip journal on wireless communications and networking softwaredefined networkingbased resource management. Wpt may be exploited for computational offloading in mobile devices or data offloading for mec in future networks 42, 43. Mobile cloud computing is required to make architectural neutral because of heterogeneous environment.
Architecture for mobile data offload over wifi access. It can be built into existing ios, android, windows, and macos software and runs in the background monitoring and improving network performance for all the apps on the device. Extending reference architecture of big data systems towards. The outcome of the next generation hotspot task group is a set of operator guidelines and the wifi certified passpoint program expected in 2012 from the wi. Jul 26, 2017 access an unparalleled repository of mobile network quality data, including mobile network, device and application usage, market penetration and performance. Offloading reduces the amount of data being carried on the cellular bands, freeing bandwidth for other users. Eurasip journal on wireless communications and networking software defined networkingbased resource management. For realisation of the use cases, it has to be understood how data is collected, stored, processed, analysed, and visualised in big data systems. Providing and evaluating the mobile web service distribution. V2v data offloading for cellular network based on the software. The rrm application is responsible for collecting radio access network conditions such as traffic load or. A lightweight mobile cloud offloading architecture arijit banerjee school of computing university of utah 50 s. This architecture consists of cloud resources, mobile devices, and a set of functional components.
From an architectural point of view, the joint optimization problem is solved at the sdn controller, which announces the best strategies to the mec servers and the endusers. The latency depends on number of factors, such as offloaded code size, data input size, location of required data, offloading scheme, network bandwidth, execution delay and the resultant data size 6. This article mainly considers this need and proposes a resourceful architecture, called mrarsa that addresses the critical need in a mobile cloud environment. Mobile data offloading is the use of complementary network technologies for delivering data. For instance, todays smartphone users expect to have full access to their own data irrespective of, e. In addition to the formal specifications and architecture this paper presents a case studies showing the structural congruence between a locally executed application and an. Computation offloading an overview sciencedirect topics. Our architectural model is inspired from the cloudlet based system. Our work is the first in this domain to integrate energy and context awareness into mobile traffic offloading from an architectural perspective.
Metis envisions a 5g system concept that efficiently integrates new applications developed in the metis. We have seen operators that have built wifi offload networks proactively in areas with heavy mobile broadband usage such as universities and reaped the rewards of reduced cost and lower churn due to a. Cyberforaging is a technique to enable mobile devices to extend their computing power and storage by offloading computation or data to more powerful servers located in the cloud or in singlehop proximity. Intelligent dynamic data offloading in a competitive mobile.
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